Authored by Dr. Samir Batham, Sr. Consultant- Radiation Oncology, HCG Cancer Centre, Ahmedabad
GUJARAT, AHMEDABAD 28th APRIL 2025: The oesophagus—an essential but often overlooked organ—serves as a conduit between the mouth and stomach, playing a critical role in digestion. When functioning properly, it quietly does its job. But when disrupted, especially by persistent acid reflux, it can set off a chain of complications that go far beyond discomfort.
When Reflux Becomes a Red Flag
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is more than just frequent heartburn. It’s a condition where stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the oesophagus, irritating its lining. While occasional reflux is common, chronic exposure can cause cellular damage over time, sometimes leading to a condition known as Barrett’s oesophagus.
Barrett’s oesophagus is marked by abnormal changes in the cells of the oesophageal lining—changes that can increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma. Another common type is squamous cell carcinoma, each varying based on the location and type of affected cells.
Warning Signs That Shouldn’t Be Ignored
Esophageal cancer doesn’t always show symptoms early, but certain signs—especially in individuals with long-standing reflux—should raise a red flag:
- Ongoing acidity or heartburn
- Indigestion and bloating
- Pain or difficulty while swallowing
- Persistent cough or sore throat
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
If you experience these symptoms, especially with a history of chronic acid reflux, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. Procedures like upper GI endoscopy can detect early signs of cellular change and allow for timely intervention.
Prevention Begins with Small Lifestyle Shifts
The good news is that you can act early and avoid complications.GERD-related cancer risk can be significantly reduced by incorporating simple but consistent lifestyle modifications:
- Adjust your diet: Cut back on spicy, acidic, fried, and smoked foods. Opt for whole grains, lean proteins, and vegetables.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Extra abdominal pressure from excess weight can worsen reflux.
- Eat smart: Smaller meals, slow eating, and avoiding late-night snacking go a long way.
- Quit smoking: Tobacco use heightens the risk of both reflux and esophageal cancer.
- Limit alcohol intake: It inflames the esophageal lining and contributes to acid production.
- Elevate your head while sleeping: Helps keep acid down and reduces nighttime symptoms.
Treatment Options for Esophageal Cancer
When diagnosed in the early stages, treatment success is far more likely. Depending on the type and severity, treatment may include:
- Endoscopic procedures for the early stage cancers
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation Therapy
- Surgery
These treatments are often used in combination and tailored to the individual’s condition. Alongside medical care, nutritional support and mental health counseling can improve recovery and quality of life.
The Bottom Line:
Chronic acid reflux isn’t just a nuisance—it can be a warning sign of something more serious. Understanding the link between GERD and esophageal cancer, knowing the symptoms, and taking preventive steps can empower individuals to protect their health before it’s too late.
